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''The Eternal Jew'' (1940) is an antisemitic〔Antisemitic: * Sara Friedrichsmeyer, Sara Lennox, Susanne Zantop. ''The imperialist imagination: German colonialism and its legacy'', University of Michigan Press, 1998, p. 173. * Jack Fischel, ''The Holocaust'', Greenwood Publishing Group, 1998, pp. 15–16. * David Stewart Hull. ''Film in the Third Reich: a study of the German cinema, 1933–1945'', University of California Press, 1969, pp. 157–158. * Marvin Perry, Frederick M. Schweitzer. ''Antisemitism: myth and hate from antiquity to the present'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2002, p. 78. * Hershel Edelheit, Abraham J. Edelheit. ''A world in turmoil: an integrated chronology of the Holocaust and World War II'', Greenwood Publishing Group, 1991, 388.〕 German Nazi propaganda film,〔1940 propaganda film: * "The Eternal Jew () ranks as one of the most virulent propaganda films ever made." Richard Taylor, ''Film Propaganda: Soviet Russia and Nazi Germany'', I.B.Tauris, 2006, p. 174. * "Fritz Hippler used an idea suggested by the Propaganda Ministry's anti-Jewish expert, Dr. Taubert, and produced the notorious film The Eternal Jew." Robert Edwin Herzstein, ''The War that Hitler Won: The Most Infamous Propaganda Campaign in History'', Putnam, 1977, p. 309. * "Of the Nazi propaganda films with an antisemitic message, ''Jud Suss'' (''Jew Suss'', 1940) was without doubt the most popular and widely seen... The popularity of ''Jew Suss'' contrasts sharply with reactions to ''Der ewige Jude'' (''The Eternal Jew'', 1940)..." Toby Haggith, Joanna Newman, ''Holocaust and the Moving Image: Representations in Film and Television Since 1933'', Wallflower Press, 2005, p. 74. * "Of course, the Nazis also made more conventional propaganda films, the most famous being, perhaps, The Eternal Jew." Andrea Dworkin, ''Scapegoat: The Jews, Israel, and Women's Liberation'', Simon & Schuster, 2001, p. 164. * "The Eternal Jew. Nazi hate-propaganda film of 1940 that summarized the whole Nazi rationale for the mass murder of the Jews." Robert Michael, Karin Doerr, ''Nazi-Deutsch/Nazi-German: An English Lexicon of the Language of the Third Reich'', Greenwood Press, 2002, p. 154.〕 presented as a documentary. It has been characterized as "()urely the most hideous success of the anti-Semitic films" made during the Nazi era. The film's title in German is ''Der Ewige Jude'', the German term for the character of the "Wandering Jew" in medieval folklore. At the insistence of Nazi Germany's Minister of Propaganda, Joseph Goebbels, the film was directed by Fritz Hippler. The screenplay is credited to Eberhard Taubert. The film consists of feature and documentary footage combined with materials filmed shortly after the Nazi occupation of Poland. At this time Poland's Jewish population was about three million, roughly ten percent of the total population. Actor Harry Giese (1903–1991) narrated. ==Background== Hitler and Goebbels believed that film was a very potent tool for molding public opinion. The Nazis first established a film department in 1930 and Goebbels had taken a personal interest in the use of film to promote the Nazi philosophy and agenda. Soon after the Nazi takeover, Goebbels was insisting in speeches that the role of the German cinema was to serve as the "vanguard of the Nazi military" as they set forth to conquer the world. The Goebbels film appears to have been intended as a violently anti-Semitic version of the 1934 British film of the same name which portrayed Jews in a favorable light as the victims of unjustified persecution throughout history. Saul Friedländer suggests that Goebbels' intent was to counter three films, ''Jew Suess'', ''The House of Rothschild'', and a British film also called ''The Eternal Jew''. The original films, all released in 1934, attacked the persecution of Jews throughout history; the Goebbels films presented an anti-Semitic message. In 1937, a special wing of the Propaganda Ministry put on an art exhibition in Munich titled ''Der ewige Jude''. It followed this up with the publication of a book of the same title, consisting of 265 photographs, each with a derogatory caption asserting the degeneracy of the Jewish race.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/eternal.html )〕 In November 1938, Goebbels made a series of attacks against the Jews in the German media that instigated the pogrom known as Kristallnacht. Despite the emotional satisfaction afforded the Nazis by carrying out their antisemitism with direct violence, Kristallnacht was considered by Hitler to have been a political disaster both within Germany and internationally. Not only did the brutality instigated by Goebbels evoke harsh criticism internationally, the mixed reaction in the German media evidenced a lack of broad-based support among Germans for antisemitic violence. Hitler expressed his frustration and anger at the mixed response from the German media and insisted that, instead of openly calling for violence against the Jews as Goebbels had in instigating the pogrom, Nazi propaganda should "elucidate events of foreign policy" in such a way that the German people themselves would call for violence against the Jews.〔 In response to Hitler's harsh reprimand, Goebbels launched a campaign to promote the anti-Semitic views of the Nazis to the German populace. He ordered each film studio to make an anti-Semitic film. In the case of ''The Eternal Jew'', Goebbels conceived of a film that would communicate to the German people the same antisemitic message that had been the theme of the 1937 Munich exhibition. Hitler preferred films like ''The Eternal Jew'' which presented the Nazi anti-Semitic agenda openly and directly; however Goebbels disliked the crudeness of such straightforward approaches, preferring the much more subtle approach of couching anti-Semitic messages in an engaging story with popular appeal. The film ''Jud Süß'' is an example of Goebbels' preferred approach. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Eternal Jew (1940 film)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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